Cancer or neoplasma is a disease with a typical cell cycle abnormalities that cause the cell's ability to:
- Uncontrolled growth (cell division beyond the normal limits)
- Invade nearby biological tissue
- Migrate to other body tissues via the blood circulation or lymphatic system, is called metastasis
Three malignant character which distinguishes cancer from benign tumors. Most cancers form a tumor but some do not, such as leukemia. Branch of medical science that deals with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer are called oncologists.
In general, cancer cells form a tumor, except in leukemia. The reaction between the acid tetraiodotiroasetat by inhibiting the activity of integrins is the hormone thyroxine and tri-iodotironina which is one of the factors that play a role in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Uncontrolled growth is caused by damage to DNA, causing mutations in vital genes that control cell division. Some mutations may be required to transform normal cells into cancer cells. These mutations are often caused by chemical or physical agents called carcinogens. Mutations can occur spontaneously (obtained) or inherited (germline mutation). Cancer can cause many different symptoms, depending on the location and character of the malignancy, and the presence or absence of metastasis. Diagnosis usually requires the microscopic examination of tissue obtained by biopsy. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
Usually the cancer could have an impact on mortality. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Most cancers can be treated and cured, especially if treatment is started early. Many forms of cancer related to environmental factors that could have been avoided. Smoking can cause cancer than many other environmental factors. Tumor appoint an abnormal mass of tissue, but can be a "malignant" (cancerous) or "benign" (not cancerous). Only malignant tumors are able to metastasize or invade other tissues. Cancer can spread through the lymph nodes and blood vessels to other organs.
Paraklinis traits common in tumors and cancer cells is the production of lactic acid and pyruvic acid are high, low glucose oxidation, although not always accompanied simtoma hypoxia, glycolysis trajectory acceleration and deceleration rate of oxidative phosphorylation, and shift the trajectory of anaerobic to aerobic glycolysis, which is known as the Warburg effect. Cancer cells have a tendency to produce ATP as an energy source rather than the path of the trajectory of glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Ets-1 transcription factor is enhanced by the secretion of H2O2 by mitochondria is a shift in control of metabolism in cancer cells. Another feature is the low plasma levels of vitamin C are found in a variety of cancer patients, both in patients with smoking, or not.





























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